aDepartment of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University,Jinan 250014,Shandong,China bDepartment of Anorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Jinan 250014,Shandong,China cDepartment of Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of ShandongFirst Medical University ,Jinan 250014,Shandong,China #Co-authors: Shiwei Yang and Liwei Yan equally contributed to the article. Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding author. Address: Department of Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of ShandongFirst Medical University ,Jinan 250014,Shandong,China. E-mail address: [email protected] (G. Zhang). This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even for commercial purposes, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
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Yang et al. (2024) studied this question.
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