This paper proposes an optimally managed energy supply of a university campus characterized by daily grid blackout and heavy reliance on diesel generators (DGs). The proposed system incorporates photovoltaic (PV) arrays, battery storage (BSS), electric vehicles and an e-scooter transportation system. An energy management system (EMS) is designed for achieving optimal energy dispatch using convex optimization. Results show that the proposed system's daily operational costs, diesel generator dependency during outages, and the power purchased from the utility at peak-tariff hours are significantly reduced.
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Zweini et al. (2024) studied this question.
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