Anharmonic strong-coupling effects at the origin of the charge density wave in CsV3Sb5

The formation of charge density waves is a long-standing open problem, particularly in dimensions higher than one. Various observations in the vanadium antimonides discovered recently further underpin this notion. Here, we study the Kagome metal CsV 3 Sb 5 using polarized inelastic light scattering and density functional theory calculations. We observe a significant gap anisotropy with 2Δ ₘₐₓ/k_BT_CDW\, ≈ \, 20 2 Δ max / k B T CDW ≈ 20 , far beyond the prediction of mean-field theory. The analysis of the A 1g and E 2g phonons, including those emerging below T CDW , indicates strong phonon-phonon coupling, presumably mediated by a strong electron-phonon interaction. Similarly, the asymmetric Fano-type lineshape of the A 1g amplitude mode suggests strong electron-phonon coupling below T CDW . The large electronic gap, the enhanced anharmonic phonon-phonon coupling, and the Fano shape of the amplitude mode combined are more supportive of a strong-coupling phonon-driven charge density wave transition than of a Fermi surface instability or an exotic mechanism in CsV 3 Sb 5 .