Second harmonic generation of visible vortex laser based on a waveguide-grating emitter in LBO

In this work, we propose a practical solution to visible vortex laser emission at 532 nm based on second harmonic generation (SHG) in a well-designed waveguide-grating structure. Such an integrated structure is fabricated by femtosecond laser direct writing (FsLDW) in an LBO crystal. Confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy is employed for detailed analysis of FsLDW-induced localized crystalline damage. By optical excitation at 1064 nm, the guiding properties, SHG performance, as well as vortex laser generation of the waveguide-grating hybrid structure are systematically studied. Our results indicate that FsLDW waveguide-grating emitter is a reliable design holding great promise for nonlinear vortex beam generation in integrated optics.