A Comparative Analysis of Self-Efficacy among Kabaddi and Handball Players in the Iraqi Context

This comprehensive research investigates self-efficacy levels among handball and kabaddi players in Iraq, utilizing the validated General Self-Efficacy Scale by Sahrayan and Muhammad Wasmaghafi.With 300 participants from diverse backgrounds in Iraqi universities and sports clubs, the study unfolds in two phases aligned with academic and training schedules.Employing SPSS for statistical analysis, the research reveals a marginal difference in mean scores (7.24 for Handball, 7.17 for Kabaddi).Despite this, the non-significant p-value (p = 0.41) leads to accepting the null hypothesis, emphasizing the intricate interplay between psychological factors and sports performance in Iraqi athletes.Situated within sports psychology and rooted in Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory, the study explores how athletes' beliefs in their abilities influence performance, motivation, and overall mental well-being.Focusing on Iraq, the research adds significance to understanding psychological dynamics in kabaddi and handball beyond football's dominance.The methodology employs the General Self-Efficacy Scale, a well-established tool, with robustness reinforced through validity and reliability assessments.Statistical analysis, including descriptive statistics and t-tests, provides a comprehensive overview of self-efficacy levels among handball and kabaddi players.Results challenge assumptions about sport-specific influences, indicating a non-significant difference in self-efficacy between the two sports.Practical implications extend to coaches and sports psychologists, suggesting tailored interventions for enhancing self-efficacy in both sports.In conclusion, this research expands comprehension of self-efficacy in diverse sports, emphasizing its universality and holding practical implications for coaches, sports administrators, and researchers.Despite limitations, the study contributes valuable insights, paving the way for future investigations into psychological intricacies influencing sports performance and athletes' well-being.The findings hold practical implications, fostering an environment recognizing the omnipresence of self-efficacy in sports excellence.