Road Traffic Accidents Are a Major Cause of Traumatic Brain Injury in North Bihar – A Prospective Study

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Background – Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a global epidemic causing signicant morbidity and mortality. Road Trafc Accident (RTA) is a major cause of TBI in South East Asia (56%). This study was ensued to identify RTAs as the major cause of TBI, evaluate the characteristics of TBIs in North Bihar and the outcomes. Materials And Methods – This prospective study included details of TBI patients seen in the Surgery Department of Darbhanga Medical College and Hospital, Darbhanga, Bihar. All patients of any age with TBI were included in the study. Then inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied and the Study Population was obtained. The patients were classied according to their mode of injury and then they were clinically assessed and imaging was done and the outcomes were assessed. Results – During the study period, 2,354 patients of TBI were seen. Out of this, after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 2,041 patients were included in Study Population. There were 70.4% males and 29.6% females. Most common culprit was Road Trafc Accidents (RTA) (56%). Head injury was mostly mild (64%) and 16% had severe injury. Severe Head Injury patients had more incidence of intracranial bleed compared to Mild Head Injury. Mild head injury has best prognosis with complete recovery compared to severe head injury having 20% mortality. Conclusions – Traumatic Brain Injuries are mostly mild to moderate with low mortality rate. RTAs are the most common mode of injury.