Histopathological Evaluation of Giant Cell Tumors of Bone: An Observational Study in the Population of South West Bihar

Background: With an estimated prevalence of 1 to 9%, Giant Cell Tumour (GCT) is the unique benign bone tumour, along with chondroblastoma, that can have distant metastases.Its biological behaviour exhibits significant variety, ranging from a latent benign to a greatly recurring and occasionally metastatic potential.Identification of various histopathological component would be crucial in predicting the clinical outcome, recurrence, and metastasis.Aims/ objective: To identify and measure prevalence of various histopathological features of giant cell tumour of bone in a tertiary care hospital of eastern India.Materials and Method: 50 patients of histopathologically diagnosed giant cell tumour were enrolled in this study.Cases were evaluated according to radiological features, clinical features such as age, gender, localization, recurrence, metastasis, and histopathological features including accompanying fibro-histiocytic or aneurysmal bone cyst like components.Descriptive statistics was done to obtain frequency and percentage of various demographic, histopathological, and radiological features.Results: 88% of giant cell tumor were of long bones.Tibia (26%) and femur (24%) were most commonly involved bone.Secondary aneurysmal bone cyst like component were present in 18% of cases, coagulation necrosis in 16% and fibro-histiocytic component in 14%.Most common location in long bones were epiphyseal-metaphyseal (45.45%), metaphyseal-epiphyseal (43.18%). Conclusion:Giant cell tumor is a benign pathology with most common location in long bone in tibia and femur, most prevalent in 20-40 years of age group and typically presents as an epiphyseal-metaphyseal, eccentric, lytic lesion with pseudo-trabeculations