Lupus nephritis – modern aspects of diagnosis and therapy. Part I

Lupus nephritis (LN) is considered to be one of the most frequent severe manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), its various colonic manifestations occur in at least 50% of SLE patients, both at the onset and at various stages of the disease, and develop LN is considered one of the most important predictors of mortality in SLE. The structure of nephritis is dominated by diffuse proliferative LN with clinical and morphological signs of progression and the rapid development of terminal renal failure. SLE is diagnosed based on the 2019 EULAR/ACR (European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology/American College of Rheumatology) diagnostic classification criteria. To confirm the diagnosis, evaluate the prognosis, and choose the tactics of treating the dis-ease, all patients in the absence of contraindications require a kidney biopsy. In addition to LN, the spectrum of SLE-associated renal lesions includes vascular pathology represented by thrombotic microangiopathy, lupus vasculopathy or vasculitis, tubulointerstitial injury, and lupus podocytopathy.