Collaborative governance for good management, conservation, restoration, and enhancement practices in (peri-)urban ecosystems

Humans are a part of the ecosystems, and nature cannot be conserved, restored, enhanced, and used sustainably without the support of people at every level, from local to global.Planning contributions to nature can only be done with governance, as the planning process involves many stakeholders and individual citizens.The implementation of plans is also linked to governance, as it involves actors from various sectors, such as NGOs, community groups, and municipality departments.Collaborative governance is the idea that governments, civil society, and private actors can engage in collective policy-making processes.The configuration of governance arrangements is influenced by 'top-down' and 'bottom-up' initiatives and combinations of these two approaches.This study is based on a systematic literature review of case studies to determine under which conditions collaborative governance improves the (peri-)urban ecosystems more effectively and efficiently and reduces, mitigates, or reverses the degradation of their services.The study will identify the crucial moments and critical determinants in the interactions between public and private actors.