Hysteresis and ribbons in Taylor-Couette flow of a semidilute noncolloidal suspension

Flow states in dispersed particle flow determine the performance in industrial applications such as chemical mixers and bioreactors. Hysteresis in flow transitions can modify the flow condition and thus can affect the efficiency. We numerically show hysteretic behaviors in the Taylor-Couette flow of a noncolloidal suspension with a rotating inner cylinder and a stationary outer one. We also examine a standing wave of weak counterrotating vortices, known as ribbons, that occurs as the primary instability.