Prospective study to evaluate radioactive iodine of 20 mCi vs 10-15 mCi in Graves’ disease

Abstract Objectives To assess whether increasing radioactive iodine dose can increase treatment efficacy in Graves’ disease. Methods A prospective study was conducted, including 106 patients receiving 20 mCi (740 MBq) radioactive iodine (RAI), compared with a retrospective data, including 113 patients receiving 10-15 mCi (370-555 MBq) RAI. Remission and failure rates were evaluated at 6 months post-RAI. Statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier curves. Results Patients receiving 20 mCi RAI demonstrated a significantly higher remission rate compared to the 10-15 mCi group (82.1% vs 66.4%, p = 0.009). Median time to remission was shorter in the 20 mCI group (3 vs 4 months, p = 0.002). Hypothyroidism at 6 months was more prevalent in the 20 mCi group (67% vs 53%, p = 0.03). Larger thyroid size (>60 grams) was associated with treatment failure (p =0.02). Conclusions Higher dosage (20 mCi) RAI showed superior efficacy in achieving remission compared to lower dosages (10-15 mCi) in Graves’ disease treatment.