Optimizing Multibeam Bathymetry Survey for Seafloor Exploration: A Spatial Geometric Modelling Approach

Seafloor bathymetry is an important ocean exploration project, and multibeam bathymetry systems achieve more accurate bathymetry by overcoming the limitations of single-beam bathymetry. In this paper, we first use plane geometry modelling to establish mathematical models of the coverage width and the overlap rate of adjacent strips for multibeam sounding by geometrically analysing the triangles in the beam plan, using the edge-angle relationship and the sine theorem. Then using spatial geometric modelling, the angle between the projection of the normal vector of the slope surface on the horizontal plane and the direction of the survey line is introduced as a new variable, and the mathematical model is abstracted by establishing three-dimensional graphs and geometric relations, and the coverage width of the survey vessel is calculated under different directions of the survey line. Finally, using the objective optimisation algorithm, the shortest total length of the survey line is taken as the objective, and through the objective optimisation algorithm, it can satisfy the constraints of repetition rate, compare the different realisation methods and get the optimal solution.