Mechanism and Protective Measures of Thermal Runaway in Lithium-ion Batteries

Due to its benefits of having a high energy density, safety, and being environmentally friendly, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have developed into the most widely used energy storage equipment. However, LIBs are prone to frequent safety mishaps because of thermal runaways in large-scale commercial applications in industries including electric passenger vehicles, portable electronic gadgets, and distributed energy storage. The primary cause is because mechanical, electrical, and thermal abuse of LIBs can result in thermal runaway and potentially hazardous conditions including combustion and explosion. As a result, this essay begins by examining the causes of thermal run away from the standpoint of LIB misuse. The investigation of LIBs' safety features became the primary concern after that. primarily separated into interior and exterior protection. The electrolyte, diaphragm, and electrode are the three primary areas that are optimized and improved when it comes to internal protection. Through battery management systems, cooling technology, and blocking technology, external protection primarily lowers dangers. Finally, to serve as a reference for future security research on LIBs, the pertinent security challenges of LIBs were prospected.