Grid Forming converters (GFM), based on virtual synchronous machine, Synchronverter, and droop-based control, provide an inductive impedance behaviour at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC). A controller has very limited capability to shape this inductive behaviour for small-signal instability prevention. In this paper, a virtual resistor (R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">v</inf> ) is utilized to shape the GFM controller impedance, Z <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">inv</inf> , in wide-frequency range. It aids to get high GFM converter impedance at the PCC, Z <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pcc</inf> , in low-frequency range. Moreover, cross-coupling terms of virtual inductor (L <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">v</inf> ) is utilized to decouple the converter impedance in the dq-frame at the PCC. The combined effect of R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">v</inf> and L <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">v</inf> reshapes the converter impedance with selective resistive behaviour in low-frequency range. The proposed structure is analysed with bode plots and generalised Nyquist plots for a small-signal stability enhancement. A validation case is presented to verify the stability analysis.
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Shah et al. (2024) studied this question.
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