Improved Energy Management Approach for Electric Vehicles Using Integrated Fuel Cell/Supercapacitor Systems and Direct Torque Control

The predominance of hybrid electric cars has increased significantly in the automotive environment during the last decade. This research goes into the complexities of control and energy management in the setting of a fuel cell-supercapacitor electric vehicle. Propulsion is accomplished by an induction motor that is rigorously managed via direct torque control. The heart of the suggested energy management method is to supply the precise type and volume of electricity required for the vehicle's continuous functioning. A clever power management algorithm selectively reduces fuel cell consumption, allowing the supercapacitor to effortlessly intervene under high and sudden load demands. The simulation results are encouraging because they confirm the robust performance and efficacy of the described energy management and direct control systems.