Immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D and mechanisms of their realization

This review is devoted to the analysis of the results of scientific research on vitamin D vitamers and possible mechanisms of their biological effects. The article presents a detailed metabolic transformation of vitamin D (cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol) and characterizes its main metabolites. The mechanisms of realization of the biological effects of calcitriol, the main active metabolite of vitamin D. Its final genomic and non–genomic effects on cells are highlighted. Much attention has been paid to the effect of vitamin D on the immune system. The immunomodulatory properties of vitamin D and possible mechanisms of its immunomodulatory effects are discussed. The results of the analysis showed that vitamin D is an extremely important factor in the regulation of the immune response. Its immunomodulatory effect is realized both through the genetic apparatus of cells and through its effect on intracellular metabolic processes. These data expand the understanding of the pharmacodynamics of vitamin preparations.