Predictive adaptive protection scheme for relay co-ordination of directional overcurrent relay using Student Psychology based Optimization

The novel Predictive Adaptive Protection Scheme (PAPS) presented in this paper addresses the coordination issues related to Directional Overcurrent Relays (DOCRs). Coordination becomes more difficult when renewable energy sources (RES) are integrated into the distribution grid because the on/off states of distribution generators (DG) alter the topology of the grid. These modifications affect short-circuit currents, which impairs dependability and causes protection relays miscoordination. In order to mitigate this, Directional Overcurrent Relay (DOCR) settings are optimised by Student Psychology Based optimisation (SPBO), which is essential for managing the propagation of bi-directional fault currents, the overall relay response time should be minimised. Considering various operational scenarios of distributed generators (DGs) in the grid, the successful performance of the suggested Protection Scheme (PAPS) in coordinating DOCRs is verified through the incorporation of the IEEE 14-bus distribution network.