Super-resolution imaging of urethral vasculature in healthy pre- and post-menopausal females

Previous studies have postulated that the urethral vasculature (UV) might play an important role in urinary continence for women. The goal of this research was to compare the UV in pre- and post-menopausal women using a super-resolution ultrasound imaging method called Super Ultrasound for Greater Accuracy and Resolution (SUGAR). We found that post-menopausal women exhibited decreased UV parameters such as fractal dimension, vessel proportion, and mean blood vessel diameter than pre-menopausal women. We also discriminated the vascular pattern in several layers of the urethra and its surrounding