Long-Term Behavior of Pile Groups Resting on Multi-Layered Deposits Subjected to Combined Compressive and Lateral Loads

In this study, finite element modelling was performed in Plaxis 3D to investigate the time-dependent behavior of a single pile and pile groups embedded in a layered soil under combined lateral and compressive loads. The proposed numerical model was validated with the available literature and showed good agreement. The total pile head displacements were observed to be 7%−15% higher for piles under combined loads than the piles under pure compressive loads. Beyond a critical depth of 6−10 m, the effect of lateral loads on the pile was insignificant, irrespective of its length, spacing, and load ratio. The differential settlement ratio was observed to be maximum at 0.35−0.4 times the normalized depth, and predominant up to a spacing of 5d.