Effects of 3D-Printing Technology and Cement Type on the Fracture Resistance of Permanent Resin Crowns for Primary Teeth

CAD/CAM technology in dentistry, consisting of data acquisition, processing, and manufacturing, has improved significantly in recent decades.This progress has been marked by the evolution of materials and the digitalization and automation of various work processes.In the latest innovation, artificial intelligence (AI) has been introduced to design dental crowns.Studies have demonstrated that AI can be used to design dental crowns that mimic the morphology of natural teeth. 1,2Cho et al 3 reported that AI-designed crowns showed improved results in terms of working time and optimized dental crown design.It was reported that AI design resulted in less deviation in occlusal morphology.Shortened work time is often associated with improved work quality and fewer errors. 3In another study, Cho et al 4 stated that AI-based dental software programs may yield optimized design outcomes in terms of tooth morphology, internal fit, cusp angle, and the number of occlusal contact points, with minimal need for modification.Thus, it could be a viable alternative to a technician-based design workflow for posterior crown restoration.Until recently, CAD/CAM was primarily based on subtractive manufacturing, such that the CAM process was synonymous with subtractive manufacturing, 5,6 which has