Risk factors and management of urinary tract infections among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Jazira Specialist Hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia: A cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes if left untreated. Data on UTI burden and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Somalia is limited. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted between June-December 2020. A systematic random sampling technique was used to enroll 392 pregnant women. Data was collected via interviews and medical record review. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify independent risk factors. Results The reported UTI prevalence was 38.3%. Factors independently associated with UTIs included: low education level (AOR 2.1, 95% CI 1.3–3.4), handwashing < 5 times/day (AOR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1–2.9), and prior UTI history (AOR 2.5, 95% CI 1.6–3.9). The majority (63.8%) reported ‘good’ household hygiene. Of those using medications during pregnancy, 38.3% used drugs and 13.3% received antibiotics. Conclusion Targeted interventions are needed focused on women’s empowerment and hygiene promotion, antibiotic stewardship, and developing clinical guidelines to reduce UTI burden in this setting. Further research is warranted to address barriers to optimal management.