Differential modulation of corticomotor excitability in older compared to young adults following a single bout of strength -exercise

Evidence shows corticomotor plasticity diminishes with age. Nevertheless, whether strength-training, a proven intervention that induces corticomotor plasticity in younger adults, also takes effect in older adults, remains untested. This study examined the effect of a single-session of strength-exercise on corticomotor plasticity in older and younger adults. Thirteen older adults (72.3 ± 6.5 years) and eleven younger adults (29.9 ± 6.9 years), novice to strength-exercise, participated. Strength-exercise involved four sets of 6-8 repetitions of a dumbbell biceps curl at 70-75% of their one-repetition maximum (1-RM). Muscle strength, cortical, corticomotor and spinal excitability, before and up to 60-minutes after the strength-exercise session were assessed. We observed significant changes over time (p < 0.05) and an interaction between time and age group (p < 0.05) indicating a decrease in corticomotor excitability (18% p < 0.05) for older adults at 30- and 60-minutes post strength-exercise and an increase (26% and 40%, all p < 0.05) in younger adults at the same time points. Voluntary activation (VA) declined in older adults immediately post and 60-minutes post strength-exercise (36% and 25%, all p < 0.05). Exercise had no effect on the cortical silent period (cSP) in older adults however, in young adults cSP durations were shorter at both 30- and 60- minute time points (17% 30-minute post and 9% 60-minute post, p < 0.05). There were no differences in short-interval cortical inhibition (SICI) or intracortical facilitation (ICF) between groups. Although the corticomotor responses to strength-exercise were different within groups, overall, the neural responses seem to be independent of age.