Eco-friendly approaches of modern antifouling coating fabrication

<ns4:p>Biofouling presents significant technological, scientific, and economic obstacles to diverse maritime industries. Marine boats, pipelines, and offshore structures are susceptible to biofouling caused by the colonization of marine organisms, including macroalgae, clams, and shells. Due to the health risks and probable genetic abnormalities the usage of traditional antifouling coatings has been restricted or prohibited. Consequently, researchers have directed their efforts towards identifying environmentally benign alternatives to effectively mitigate fouling. This paper provides a concise overview of the recent progress made in the field of environmentally sustainable marine antifouling coatings and discusses limitations and perspectives.</ns4:p>