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In this article, we have studied the combined effect of gravity and magnetic field modulation on (H2O+CuO) nanofluid with internally heated/cooled porous medium under three temperature models, i.e. local thermal non-equilibrium. The normal mode technique has been carried out for linear stability analysis and the truncated Fourier series method is applied for non-linear analysis. For small values of the internal heating parameter, the influence of LTNE is to advance the commencement of convection. Beyond a certain value of the internal heating parameter, an opposing effect of LTNE is observed. Further in the LTNE region, the effect of the Chandrashekhar number is to destabilize the system as it increases the magnetic viscosity in the system. Also, we have obtained day-night modulation as best for heat/mass transfer over the other field modulation (i.e. saw-tooth, sinusoidal, and square wave). On comparing both the magnetic and gravity field modulation, magnetic field modulation is found effective in heat/mass transfer.
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Shilpee et al. (2024) studied this question.
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