Making ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen via the Haber-Bosch process has been critical to fertilizing the world's crops for more than a century, but there's been little need to run the reaction in the opposite direction. That's about to change. Interest in using low-carbon ammonia as a fuel is taking off, and companies, often encouraged by government incentives, plan to spend billions of dollars building ammonia plants for this market. Some plants will make it from blue hydrogen , whose production involves reforming natural gas and capturing and storing by-product carbon dioxide. Other plants will make it from green hydrogen , which is created by electrolyzing water with renewable electricity. Unlike hydrogen, ammonia can be easily shipped around the world. Upon delivery to the customer, it will be burned directly in ship engines or in power plants designed for coal. Or it will be cracked to get the hydrogen back
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