Backgrounds: Urinary stone disease (USD, or urolithiasis) is common and poses a significant healthcare burden and health economic burden in a working-age population. We aim to provide epidemiological insights into the prevalence, incidence, trends, and risk factors of USD among the Chinese population. Methods: A prospective cohort study of 966,481 participants from the CHinese Electronic health Records Research during 2009-2022 in Yinzhou, China (CHERRY). Temporal trends were estimated by annual percentage changes (APC) using Joinpoint regression analyses. A stratified Cox proportional hazards regression and propensity score analyses were used to assess the effect of potential risk factors, population attribution factor (PAF) and number needed to prevent (NNTP). Results: Between 2014/2015 and 2021, there was an annualized increase in USD incidence by 5.3-6.8% ( P <0.05). Tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, high body mass index, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and heart disease were identified as risk factors while regular exercising was a protective factor of USD. PAF ranged from 22.5% in regular exercising (weekly) to 1.3% in non-drinking behavior. NNTP ranged from 21 in weekly exercising to 182 in non-smoking behavior. Conclusions : USD is a common disease affecting about 1 in 10 Chinese, and the incidence increased by 5-6% annually over the past 6-7 years. Lifestyle factors and metabolic symptoms are potential risk factors for USD.
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Wang et al. (2024) studied this question.
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