Nanocommunication: PHY Advancements in Electromagnetic and Molecular Approaches

The field of nanocommunication has recently gained significant attention due to its potential for revolutionizing the way we communicate and process information. This paper covers two main areas of nanocommunication: electromagnetic (EM) and molecular nanocommunication (MNC). EM nanocommu-nication uses signals in the terahertz (THz) band whereas MNC involves the exchange of information using molecules as carriers. Both approaches have received increasing attention in last decade due to their potential for enabling nanocommunication in challenging environments, such as in-body and on-chip communications. This paper discusses the current state-of-the-art in both paradigms, including the types of modulation recently proposed, the methods for encoding and decoding information, and the challenges. We provide a short survey of the recently proposed works and identify promising directions for future research.