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In recent years, capsule endoscopes (CEs) have appeared as an advanced technology for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases. However, only capturing the images limits the advanced diagnostic procedures and so on in CE's applications. Herein, considering other extended functions like tissue sampling, a novel wireless biopsy CE has been presented employing active locomotion. Two permanent magnets (PMs) have been placed into the robots, which control the actuation of the capsule robot (CR) and biopsy mechanism by employing an external electromagnetic actuation (EMA) system. A spring has been attached to the biopsy mechanism to retract the biopsy tool after tissue collection. A camera module has also been attached to the front side of the CR to detect the target point and observe the biopsy process on the lesion. A prototype of CR was fabricated with a diameter of 12 mm and a length of 32 mm. A spring mechanism with a biopsy needle was placed inside the CR and sprang out around 5 mm. An in vitro experiment was conducted, which demonstrated the precise control translation (2 mm/s and 3 mm/s in the x and y directions, respectively) and desired extrusion of the biopsy mechanism (~5 mm) for sampling the tissue. A needle-based biopsy capsule robot (NBBCR) has been designed to perform the desired controlled locomotion and biopsy function by external force. This proposed active locomoted untethered NBBCR can be wirelessly controlled to perform extended function precisely, advancing the intestinal CE technique for clinical applications.
Rashid et al. (Sun,) studied this question.