Septic thrombosis of transverse and sigmoid cranial sinuses associated with orbito-ocular damage in pediatric patient: A case report and literature review

IntroductIonAlthough the incidence of septic thrombosis of the cranial venous sinuses has decreased significantly with the antibiotic era, mortality rate remains high.Most recent series estimate a mortality rate close to 19% 1-3 .Tehichgraeber et al. have reported a mortality rate between 18-36% 4 .The main associated reasons are the diagnosis delay due to the lack of disease knowledge and the atypical clinical presentation, with scarce symptoms and signs due to antibiotic therapy indicated to control the focus of the infection 1,2 .Symptoms and signs mostly reported in transverse sinus thrombosis are headache, fever, ear discharge, and pain; occasionally papilledema (20% of patients), vomiting, abducens paresis, and vertigo.Increased intracranial pressure appears in 20-60% of patients 2,5 .At the beginning of the infection, it usually appears on facial skeleton as an otomastoiditis' complication.Single cellulitis or in 1-3,