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In this paper, we discuss the citation and international outlook of the world's top five universities, as ranked by the Times Higher Education (THE) World University Rankings for the years 2020-2023, considering published data from the website of THE. Our focus extends to both the universities and their ranks. Our analysis reveals significant fluctuations in the average value of each pillar over the years across all universities and ranks. Moreover, we determine the differences between the 1 st and the remaining four universities (ranks), as well as between consecutive universities (ranks), and observe the variation of calculated values in each pillar. Furthermore, we find that the inclusion or exclusion of a university contributed to the fluctuation of pillar values, with lower-ranked universities occasionally outperforming higher-ranked ones. Additionally, we suggest that the worldwide lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic may have influenced these pillars and rankings, as our study period coincided with this exceptional event.
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Das et al. (2024) studied this question.
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