Correlation of Serum PSA with Gleason Score and Gleason Group Grade in Patients with Prostate Adenocarcinoma at Sokoto North-Western Nigeria

Correlation of Serum PSA with Gleason Score and Gleason Group Grade in Patients with Prostate Adenocarcinoma at Sokoto North-Western Nigeria - Introduction: Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) is the first-line test in the screening of prostate cancer, its increase depends on differentiation of tumour cells. Gleason grading is one of the most powerful predictors of biological behaviour and when combined PSA with Gleason score and clinical stage. It improves the prediction of the pathological stage for prostate carcinoma. The aim of this study was to determine the association between serum PSA concentration and the new (2016 modified) Gleason grade group of tumour among patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective, study of all diagnosed prostate adenocarcinoma over a 4 year period (January 2014 to December 2017) in the Department of Histopathology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital. Biodata and other relevant information were retrieved for the study. Result: One hundred and eighteen prostate adenocarcinoma were diagnosed within the study period. The peak age group was 61-70years accounting for 48.3%. The youngest age was 47years and the oldest age was 96 years. Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma accounted for 48.3%, well-differentiated accounted for 27.2%, moderate to poorly differentiated 17.8% and moderately differentiated accounted for 6.7%. According to the 4 tier group grading system. The group grade 5 with serum PSA above 50.0ng/ml accounted for 43.5% while the same group grade with serum PSA less than 4.0ng/ml accounted for 4.3%. The mean serum PSA was 43.18 ± 40.22 with the range from 1.10 to 270.ng/ml. Conclusion: This study shows that there is a weak positive correlation that is not statistically significant between serum PSA levels and newly introduced (2016) Gleason group grade of prostatic carcinoma. Keywords: Serum PSA, Gleason Score, grade, modified, Prostate adenocarcinoma.