Low-Carbon Hydrogen Economy Perspective and Net Zero-Energy Transition through Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolysis Cells (PEMECs), Anion Exchange Membranes (AEMs) and Wind for Green Hydrogen Generation

Even though there has been a rapid increase in the use of hydrogen production techniques in recent years, there is still an exigent need for affordable, sustainable and efficient low-carbon hydrogen generation methods. Based on the current United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, in recent decades, alkaline electrolysers and proton exchange membrane electrolysers have reached high commercial and industrial levels in the hydroprocessing industry. The energy generated from wind and solar energy is integrated with anion exchange membranes (AEMs) and proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), which produce clean hydrogen. Anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolysers overcome the worst problems of previous types of electrolysers because of their ability to use nonplatinum and nonnafion membrane materials, high hydrogen storage density, and compact microcells recommended for large-scale low-carbon systems. Another technique for hydrogen production via oxidation is ethanol electrocatalysis in PEMECs for ultraclean hydrogen production. In this study, hydrogen production via water electrolysis with the help of anion-conducting solid polymer electrolytes and a novel integrated inorganic membrane electrode assembly (I2 MEA) for anion exchange membrane (AEM) water electrolysis by using inorganic Mg-Al layered double hydroxides (Mg-Al LDHs) as an ionic conductor were also theoretically and economically investigated for the purpose of producing low-carbon hydrogen.