Afghanistan is rich in mineral and water resources but lacks political leadership and mineral-extraction capacity to fully realize the value and benefits of such commodities, even several world-class mineral deposits.Afghan leaders fail to acknowledge or intervene in continued pollution of water resources that will most certainly be a detriment to future generations as climate change adds drought stress to the country.Many of the Afghanistan resources, except for water, can wait for some future date to develop.The Afghan people who must rely on some of these resources for survival, however, are suffering under the incompetence and backwardness.
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Shroder et al. (2024) studied this question.
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