The constitution of indigenous health as a right: understanding the evolution and challenges of public policies in Brazil

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the evolution of Brazilian health policies with a focus on indigenous health, an area that has historically faced marginalization and unique challenges. The research was driven by the central question: How have Brazilian health policies developed to meet the specific needs of indigenous populations, and what are the main challenges and future prospects in this field? The study aimed to analyze the intersections between the right to health, public policies and the realities of indigenous communities. To achieve this goal, a bibliographic and documentary review methodology was adopted, enabling a holistic and detailed understanding of health policies related to indigenous peoples. The research concluded that, despite the significant advances brought about by the 1988 Federal Constitution and subsequent legislation, such as Law No. 8.080/1990, challenges still persist in the effective implementation of these policies. They face barriers such as the lack of adequate infrastructure, the unequal distribution of resources and cultural challenges, which limit the effectiveness of access to and quality of indigenous health. This study highlights the importance of continuing to develop inclusive health policies adapted to the specificities of each indigenous community, and of promoting the active participation and empowerment of these communities in the development and implementation of effective health policies.