Microbial Technology Based Sustainable Pigeon Pea Crop Management under Environmental Stress

The Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), a perennial legume crop belonging to the family Fabaceae, has been affected by multiple abiotic and biotic constraints in recent decades. The Pigeon pea legume provides multiple nutrient source legumes for human foods. Crop productivity worldwide has reduced due to unbeatable alterations and un-rhythmic environmental change. Nutrients, light, agrochemicals, temperature, water, and heavy metals are commonly reported environmental constraints in the last few years that adversely influenced legume Pigeon pea plant health and harvest efficiency worldwide. The excessive application of agrochemicals in agricultural fields poses grave threats to soil fertility and led to land degradation worldwide. Leguminous plants have the remarkable ability to work with special nodule-living bacteria in their roots and to gather or fix atmospheric nitrogen. Through this phenomenal process, inert nitrogen gas is taken from the inexhaustible supply in the air and used by plants to build amino acids and proteins essential to life. Because nitrogen fertiliser is the most expensive input for food production, the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) approach is a very attractive alternative to expensive nitrogen chemical fertilisers. This review encompasses an in-depth analysis of environmentally friendly disease management practises including integrated pest and disease management approaches, biological control methods, and the use of resistant cultivars. Recent advancements in microbial fertilizer technology have opened new avenues of augmentation in stress agricultural productivity. Thus, in this article, we will explore recent advancements in legume growth that support microbial technology under stress environments.