October 9, 2025Open Access

Source identification and risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in surface soil of townships in the northwest Hebei region

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Descriptive analysis reveals ecological and human health risks from toxic elements in soil, indicating key pollution sources.

The mean content of toxic elements, including arsenic and lead, is lower than background values in Hebei Province.
Industrial sources contribute the most to soil pollution at 47.1%, followed by transportation and natural sources.
Ecological risks are primarily linked to cadmium and mercury, particularly in the central area of the study region.
Probabilistic health risks show that while adults are safe, children face significant carcinogenic risks from industrial and transportation sources.

Wang et al. (2025) studied this question.

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