Isolation of New Diterpenoids from the Halophyte, Vitex rotundifolia, and their Antioxidant and Anti‐inflammatory Activities

In this study, three diterpenoids ( 1 ‐ 3 ), including one known compound ( 1 ), were isolated from the fruits of Vitex rotundifolia and their structures were determined via spectroscopic analysis. In lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated RAW264.7 cells, these compounds dose‐dependently decreased the intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and nitric oxide production compared to those in the control cells. At 25 μM/mL, these compounds also diminished the protein expression of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase‐2, and interleukin‐6, with compound 3 exhibiting the most potent inhibitory effect.