Elemental‐Doped Catalysts for Photoelectrochemical CO₂ Conversion to Solar Fuels

Solar‐driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) conversion to valuable chemicals, combining the advantages of photocatalysis and electrocatalysis, represents a promising approach toward establishing a carbon‐neutral society and harnessing solar energy. Photoelectrode materials doped with metals and/or nonmetals have shown promise in achieving high CO 2 reduction efficiency. Metal or nonmetal doping entails introducing a heteroelement into the semiconductor, thereby modifying the band potentials of the semiconductor through the addition of a defective state. This alteration may improve the charge transfer kinetics of the catalysis. Furthermore, doping aids in creating active CO 2 adsorption offers anchoring sites for CO 2 molecules and can promote product selectivity. This review aims to provide a concise summary of elemental‐doped photoelectrodes for converting CO 2 into fuels through PEC processes. Several key factors affecting the performance of PEC CO 2 reduction are discussed, including the interaction of reactants with catalysts, reaction conditions, and the impact of the photoelectrode. Moreover, various PEC CO 2 reduction systems are discussed, with a specific focus on enhancing the efficiency of CO 2 reduction. Finally, a summary of key considering aspects for further development of the PEC CO 2 reduction is provided.