Evaluation of Hyoid Bone Position in Different Anteroposterior Skeletal Relationships: A Cross Sectional Study

Introduction: The hyoid bone, one of the major structures of the craniofacial complex, affects functions such as deglutition and respiration. It is variable in skeletal malocclusions and has implications for orthodontic correction and airway management. Objective: To assess the position of the hyoid bone in skeletal class I, II, and III malocclusions using the cephalometric analysis in Pakistani individuals. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at LUMHS, Jamshoro, from 1st January 2024 to 15 June 2024, amongst 66 participants aged between 18 and 35 with skeletal malocclusion. Lateral cephalograms were performed to trace hyoid distances (L1, L2, and L3) and angles (A1, A2). Data analysis was done using SPSS 23.0 with t-tests for the determination of differences (p≤ 0.05). Results: Class III demonstrated the poorest hyoid position (L1: 14.3±3.5 mm), Class II (12.1±3.2 mm), in comparison with Class I (10.2±2.8 mm, p<0.01). The inferiority place of males was more inferior to that of females (p=0.01). There were significant angular differences for A1 in class III (p=0.03). Conclusion: The position of the hyoid bone is highly variable in skeletal malocclusions, which can assist orthodontic and airway treatment.