Evolution and trends in interlanguage pragmatics research: a bibliometric analysis (1973–2024)

Interlanguage pragmatics (ILP) has emerged as a vital area within second language acquisition research over the past five decades, examining how non-native speakers develop pragmatic competence. While narrative reviews have examined theoretical developments in this field, a thorough understanding of its evolution, research patterns and emerging trends remains lacking. This study presents the first large-scale bibliometric analysis of ILP research from 1973 to 2024, mapping the intellectual structure and development of this dynamic field. The analysis reveals significant growth in ILP research, with distinct developmental phases of establishment, consolidation and expansion. Publication patterns show a notable shift in research leadership from traditional Western academic centers to a more globally distributed network. The citation analysis identifies influential works that have shaped theoretical foundations, while co-authorship networks indicate opportunities for enhanced international collaboration. Keyword analysis reveals evolving research themes, particularly the integration of digital technologies in pragmatic instruction and assessment. The findings suggest that ILP has matured into a dynamic field characterized by methodological innovation, geographical diversification and emerging research directions in digital communication contexts. This study provides valuable insights for understanding the field's development and identifying future research opportunities, particularly in fostering cross-cultural collaboration and integrating diverse theoretical perspectives.