Efficiency of creating high-quality flax source material and seeds with a marker feature

One of the promising areas in scientific support for flax breeding and seed production is the creation of high-quality seeds of the crop with marker traits. Therefore, the aim of the research was to study the efficiency of creating flax seeds with a marker trait, their quantitative and qualitative indicators and characteristics for subsequent use in breeding and seed production. The experiments were carried out at the Federal Research Center for Bast Fiber Crops (Torzhok, Tver Region) in 2016–2020. Scientific research was carried out in accordance with current methods. Conducting targeted selections of plants made it possible to isolate new valuable flax lines from the Smolich, Antey, S-108 varieties and obtain seeds with a marker trait light yellow color. It was found that the flax line L-1 was characterized by the greatest value, exceeding the standard in seed weight by 16.0 %, as well as in fiber content in the stem – by 2.9 % and seed yield – by 9.8 %. Line L-1, according to its characteristics, is classified as an improved analogue of fiber flax. Flax line L-2 was identified, which, having a high fiber content in the stem – 30.6 % (standard variety Antey – 24.8 %), increased seed weight – 5.5 g (standard variety Antey – 5.1 mg), corresponded to the oilseed form in morphological features. As a result of the research, line L-3 was isolated, which exceeded the standard, variety S-108, in seed yield by 14.8 % and at the same time was characterized by increased seed weight and high fiber content in the stem. The flax line L-3 was transferred to the characteristic collection as valuable selection material of two-way use for obtaining high-quality seeds and fiber. All created lines have replenished the characteristic collection of flax of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution FNC LC as valuable source material for selection and seed production of the crop.