The Gongfu Theory in Liu Zhi’s Tianfang Xingli: With a Discussion on His Absorption and Transformation of Confucian Thought

This study explores the conception of gongfu theory in Liu Zhi’s Tianfang Xingli, with particular attention to its absorption and integration of Confucian thought. An analysis of Liu Zhi’s gongfu theory reveals that it is deeply influenced by the traditional Confucian discourse on self-cultivation, while also incorporating distinctive elements from Islamic philosophy. The paper first outlines Liu Zhi’s understanding of the process by which human beings come to know the “True One”（God）, and then examines the reasons for the estrangement between humanity and the “True One”（God）. On this basis, it elaborates on Liu Zhi’s proposed methods of returning to the “True One”（God）, namely the cultivation paths of the Three Ways and the Supra-Way. Finally, the paper focuses on Liu Zhi’s integration of Confucian thought within his gongfu theory, highlighting the unique synthesis of Confucianism and Islam in his philosophy, and offering new insights into the dialogue and interaction between Chinese traditional philosophy and foreign religious thought.