Surveillance management of vestibular schwannoma: Present and future strategies.

For the last two decades, conservative management of vestibular schwannoma (VS) with surveillance imaging has been recommended for patients with smaller, relatively asymptomatic tumors. Surveillance management is informed by natural history studies. This chapter presents a review of the guidelines and evidence underpinning the surveillance management of VS, providing examples of typical surveillance imaging protocols. Key research developments demonstrating the potential machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) could have in guiding future management strategies are also discussed.