This teaching paper offers a framework to enhance engagement using focus group discussions in diverse communities, highlighting inclusivity and cultural sensitivity.
Focus group discussions (FGDs) are an essential qualitative method for understanding how communities experience digital transformation. This Teaching Paper provides a step-by-step framework for facilitating FGDs that examine how individuals access, use, and perceive digital tools for participation and empowerment. Structured around stages of introduction, exploration, evaluation, and reflection, it includes practical notes to support inclusivity, cultural sensitivity, and adaptation to low-resource environments. A detailed case study illustrates the method’s application in a Latin American urban community project, while challenges such as dominant voices, trust-building, and digital divides are addressed through actionable tips. By combining methodological rigor with practitioner insight, the paper offers a practical and adaptable guide for non-profits, researchers, and educators seeking to generate meaningful qualitative data for digital engagement and participatory development initiatives.
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Anna Neya Kazanskaia (2025) studied this question.
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