Thermal imaging technologies in the study of animals

Thermal imaging technology, commonly referred to as infrared thermography (IRT), has become a valuable non-invasive method for investigating various physiological processes, health conditions, and behavioral responses in animals. This method enables the recording of surface body temperature distribution, allowing for contactless assessment of thermoregulation, stress levels, inflammatory processes, and certain adaptive mechanisms in animals. IRT is frequently used to monitor animals during physical activities under conditions where maintaining thermal homeostasis is critical, including exposure to complex environmental stressors. Moreover, it is used in studies examining behavioral responses across diverse animal species, such as social interactions and adaptation to climate change. This article reviews modern approaches and applications of thermal imaging technology in research involving both domestic and wild mammal species. It highlights the effective integration of IRT with other diagnostic and observational methods, making it a valuable tool not only in biomedical research but also in environmental and physiological studies. Additionally, the article discusses future prospects for this technology, including its integration with unmanned aerial vehicles (drones), artificial intelligence systems, and mobile platforms. Progress in standardizing research protocols for assessing specific physiological responses in animals under various conditions is expected to enhance both fundamental and applied research. These developments will also promote the wider use of thermal maging technologies, particularly in horse breeding.