This research demonstrates the compounded civilian harm from remote warfare in Iraq, suggesting a need for accountability.
The increased reliance on remote warfare by US‐led military coalitions presents us with questions of “what war is” and “how to know about war” in the 21 st century. In this article we substantiate calls for an embodied epistemology of war by introducing a transdisciplinary research agenda to investigate the temporal and spatial civilian harm effects of late modern warfare. Through on‐the‐ground research, we empirically illustrate how a US‐led bombing campaign against the ISIS‐held city of Hawija, Iraq, did not merely provoke harm instantly; its impact reverberates and compounds. This approach enables us to advance a de‐militarised ontology of war, which highlights how remote warfare is essentially centred on multiple ways of “undoing”: not merely the undoing of bodily and material life, but also the undoing of the human ability to seek redress and speak back. With this we—however briefly—open debates on lines of responsibility and political accountability.
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Gould et al. (2025) studied this question.
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