Comparative Analysis of CNN Architectures for Tomato Leaf Disease Classification Using Transfer Learning

Tomato is one of the widely available horticultural products and holds significant economic value in Indonesia. However, its productivity is often disrupted by various leaf diseases. This study aims to compare the performance of three CNN architectures—DenseNet121, Xception, and MobileNetV2—in classifying tomato leaf diseases. The dataset used consists of 10,000 balanced images across ten classes: Bacterial Spot, Septoria Leaf Spot, Early Blight, Late Blight, Mosaic Virus, Yellow Leaf Curl Virus, Leaf Mold, Target Spot, Spider Mites Two-Spotted Spider Mite, and Healthy. All images were resized to 224x224 pixels and divided into 80% training data and 20% test data. Augmentation techniques were applied to balance the data across classes. Experimental results show that the Xception architecture outperforms the other models, achieving an accuracy of 98.79%, with a precision of 98.80%, recall of 98.79%, and an F1-Score of 98.78%. These findings indicate that the Xception model is highly effective for plant disease classification and is suitable for implementation in environments with limited resources.