“Our Land, Our Problem”: The Long Trajectory of Agrarian Conflicts in Indonesia

Agrarian conflict in Indonesia is a long-standing and structural problem, originating from the colonial period to the current reform era. This study examines the historical dynamics of land ownership and management, from colonial land legal systems such as Eigendom Verponding and domein verklaring, to the enactment of the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA) of 1960, which sought to establish a national agrarian legal system. However, the implementation of the UUPA faces various challenges, particularly related to orderly land administration, weak land data collection, and the unresolved conversion of old rights. This contributes to the prevalence of duplicate certificates and weak legal certainty for the community. This study uses a normative juridical approach with a literature review of laws and regulations, legal documents, and other relevant literature. The results of the study indicate that land system reform through digitalization and the issuance of electronic certificates is a crucial step in preventing conflict and strengthening public trust in the agrarian legal system in Indonesia.