The effect of occupational therapy in an equine environment on sensory processing in children with autism spectrum disorder

In children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), sensory processing can be atypical, leading to significant challenges. Studies indicate that occupational therapy in an equine environment (OTEE) can effectively address these sensory processing issues of children with ASD.We conducted the study with 20 boys, aged 4 to 9, adhering to a structured treatment protocol. The findings demonstrated significant improvements in sensory processing among participants following ten OTEE sessions. Specifically, average scores showed a statistically significant impact at the 5% risk level in the categories of "vestibular", "touch", and "multisensory processing", "modulation related to body position and movement", "modulation of sensory input influencing emotional responses in children", "emotional and social responses", and "behavioral outcomes of sensory processing". Additionally, significant changes (p < 0,05) were observed in factors such as "inattention/distractibility", "sensory seeking", "emotionally reactive", and "poor registration". A statistically significant impact (p < 0,01) was evident in the "avoiding", "seeking", and "sensitivity" quadrants. Children participating in OTEE exhibited greater adaptability in sensory-rich environments, found increased enjoyment in these settings, and demonstrated improved tolerance for low-stimulation surroundings. They also responded more effectively to sensory stimuli and showed greater situational awareness.