Evaluation of Zeuzera pyrina infestation in walnut orchards and proposal of an alternative ecological control method

The study assessed the impact of the xylophagous pest Zeuzera pyrina on walnut orchards in the central region of the Republic of Moldova, providing a detailed phenological and ecological profile. Monitoring of adult populations revealed an active flight period between May and August, correlated with temperatures above 25°C. Field data indicated an average infestation rate of 24.4% among the analyzed trees, with 58.1% of their branches being affected. The larvae produce galleries up to 50 cm in length, causing significant structural damage. An unusually high trophic plasticity was observed, with larvae also feeding on foliage under limiting conditions. Given the difficulty of applying contact insecticides, the study proposes an innovative ecological control method: detection of larvae using acoustic sensors and injection of a biologically active substance. This approach offers ecological, selective advantages and is compatible with modern technologies, representing a viable solution for sustainable pest management and the preservation of walnut orchard health.